One famous simulator is IE3D by Zeland Finite Element Method, FEM Well suited for models including conductive materials only.Full wave solution of Maxwell's integral equations in the frequency domain.INTRODUCTION 3D simulation methods Method of Moments, MoM INTRODUCTION 3D simulation methods Mesh Simulated structure is meshed = divided in small subdomains (cubes) or triangular parts Mesh type depends on the solver type (time or frequency domain) Mesh is dense in critical points ĩ 3D simulation methods Method of Moments, MoM When steady-state situation is met -> solver stopped.Idea is to calculate wave propagation in simulated structure.Antenna simulations are typically made with open boundaries -> radiation goes through boundary -> far field approximations are based on the power through boundary Time or frequency domain calculation is made for the excitation.In radar cross section simulations Structure is surrounded by boundaries This is typically antenna feed assuming 50Ω impedance.SAR Prototype manufacturing and measurement rounds are replaced by simulations Speeds up the design flow Final goal is an efficient antenna for a specific applicationĮxcitation signal in a certain location of the 3-dimensional space.INTRODUCTION Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? Solution is visualized for the designer INTRODUCTION Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? User / environment / phone material influence on antenna performance Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Hearing Aid Compatibility (HAC) Optimized antenna solution for every situation Ħ Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? Arbitrary antenna shapes and materials can be solvedĥ Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed?.
Do not give exact solution, accuracy depends on the calculation capacity.Numerical solution for the Maxwell´s equations.INTRODUCTION Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? Present-day antennas are not simple structures > Complex antenna shapes > Dielectric material (phone covers, antenna radome) > User close to antenna –> absorption Exact solutions do not exist Solution is approximated by using computational electromagnetic tools INTRODUCTION Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? Radiating electric & magnetic fields are described by Maxwell´s equations Analytical calculation by solving the Maxwell´s equations > exact or approximation Analytical equations are derived for simple antenna structures > dipole, monopole, microstrip antennasĤ Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? OUTLINE Introduction to CST MWS Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? 3D simulation methods CST MWS – Simulation example Summaryģ Why 3D electromagnetic simulation tools are needed? EKT 341 By Dr Soh Ping Jack Muhammad Ezanuddin bin Abdul Aziz Cheor Wai Loon Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
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